- For a perfectly matched, lossless, non-reciprocal three-port circulator, the S-matrix is
 
0 
 | 
  
0 
 | 
  
S13 
 | 
 |
[S] = 
 | 
  
S21   
 | 
  
0 
 | 
  
  0 
 | 
 
0 
 | 
  
S32 
 | 
  
 0 
 | 
 
- If the terminal planes are properly chosen to make the phase angles of S13, S21 and S32 zero,
 
S13=S21=S32=1
- Therefore,[S] matrix for 3 port circulator is
 
                                    [S] =        1        0        0
                                                     0        1        0
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