Oscillator

Oscillator:

• An electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces a periodic, oscillating electronic signal, often a sine wave or a square wave. 
• Oscillators convert direct current (DC) from a power supply to an alternating current (AC) signal.
• They are widely used in many electronic devices.                                                                                                   

  

  oscillator

   
   

NPN transistor

N-P-N transistor:

• NPN is one of the two types of bipolar transistors, consisting of a layer of P-doped semiconductor (the "base") between two N-doped layers.
• A small current entering the base is amplified to produce a large collector and emitter current.                                                                                                                                                         
  

Zener diode

Zener diode:

• A Zener diode is a particular type of diode that, unlike a normal one, allows current to flow not only from its anode to its cathode, but also in the reverse direction, when the so-called "Zener voltage" is reached.
•  Zener diodes have a highly doped P-N junction.                                                                               
  

Transistor

Transistor:

• A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals & electrical power.
• It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit.                                                                                                                   

  

  Transistors

   

  

  Circuit diagram

                   

PN junction diode

PN junction diode:

• PN junction diode is the most fundamental & simplest electronic device.
• When one side of the intrinsic semiconductor is doped with acceptor i.e. one side is made p-type by doping with n-type material, a pn junction is formed.
• It is a two terminal device.                                                                                                                                                                     
  

Diode

Diode:

• The most common function of a diode is to allow an electrical current pass in one direction (forward direction), while blocking the current in opposite direction (reverse direction).
• It is a specialized electronic component with two electrodes called anode and cathode.
• Diode can be use as rectifiers, signal limiters, voltage regulators, switches, signal mixer, signal modulator, signal demodulator & oscillators.                                                                                        
  
   

Capacitor

Capacitor:

• A capacitor is a passive two terminal electrical component that stores electrical energy in an electric field.
• The effect of capacitor is known as "Capacitance".                                                                                                                            
  

Resistor

Resistor:

• A resistor is used to resists the flow of current.
• It is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance.
• Resistor is used to reduce current flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines, among other uses.                                                                                                    

  

  Resistor